As an engine runs, the crankcase (containing the
crankshaft and other parts) begins to collect
combustion chamber gases which leak past the rings surrounding
pistons and sealing them the to the cylinder walls. These combustion gases are sometimes referred to as "blow by" because the combustion pressure "blows" them "by" the pistons. These gases contain compounds harmful to an engine, particularly
hydrocarbons, which are just unburned fuel, as well as carbon dioxide. It also contains a significant amount of
water vapor. If allowed to remain in the crankcase, or become too concentrated, the harmful compounds begin to condense out of the air within the crankcase and form corrosive acids and
sludge on the engine's interior surfaces. This can harm the engine as it tends to clog small inner passages, causing overheating, poor lubrication, and high emissions levels. To keep the crankcase air as clean as possible, some sort of ventilation system must be present.