hehe...yeah...being an engineer doesn't meen you know everything...it just means you're more apt to learn about it at some point.
That being the case...I had to start somewhere, too. you can check out Cruthfield and use their advisor to learn some stuff. It a good tool for beginners. of course there's quite a bit more to it than they'll ever teach you! Here's the thing to look for. The stock p5 stereo is probably tossing out 10-18W rms per channel. And that's probably at 4-ohms.
If your boy wants the best then look for components and an amp for the fronts and some coaxials (the ones w/ the tweeter attached to the midrange cone) for the rear. The rears can stay running off the main deck, but the components would most likely need a decent little 2-channel amp.
However, this is costly...and at that point you might as well buy him a sub to for the money that you're spending, too. So...you'll probably want to just look for coaxial speakers for the front and/or rear. The rest will all depend on how much you want to spend from here on. Most brands make two different levels of coaxes; Kenwood has their regualr and then the excelon, while alpine makes the Type-S and Type-R (I believe). The lower end will still sound better than his stockers. The higher end will get enhanced definition, but may be up to 50-75$ more per pair.
If you're on a tight budget this is my recommendation. Get a really nice set of coaxes for the front. The front is the main sound stage, anyway.
If you've got a bit more cash then step up to coaxes for the front and rear. More? Then look for Components up front w/ say a US Acoustics amp for them. More? Make it a 4-channel us acoustics amp and add coaxes to the rear. More? Then get an Eclipse or JL amp to power Great components (JL, CDT, Focal, MB Quart, Rainbow, ETC.) in the front w/ midranges in the rear.
As you can see it can get a little hectic! Just look in the 1000$ audio challenge thread...there are actually a couple of options that use the stock head unit. And don't be intimidated by any of it! Just like in your circuits class all of the information is available to you, there are people willing to help. Only difference is you're only testing yourself...
