On the matter of surface rust that does not affect performance, I find the pitch for NAPA coated rotors in the first video in this link to be interesting:
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The non-brake areas on this vehicle have a a lot of surface rust, which is evidently not a problem being addressed, and the pads are abysmal, but let's consider the rotors.
The pitch here is the NAPA coated rotors prevent rust from creeping under the edges of the brake pad. Does anybody believe that's a thing? If the rust creeps it is because the pad isn't touching the rotor at the edges. And if that's the case, it is evidently because of uneven pad wear because they are in such bad shape. Pads scrub off rust patina. If they don't rub the rust off it is a problem not relating to the rotors. In this case the old pads and calipers are in rough shape and that's where the problem lies if there is one at all once the non-rotor components are properly serviced.
The other pitch is that the coating keeps rust off the ventilation vanes. I mean, how bad is the rust on those old rotor vanes? How much air flow is inhibited? 5%, 1%? Any half decent engineer builds in a tolerance. Properly designed ventilation ports start out with more air intake than is needed in anticipation of a rust patina. A poorly designed rotor is just that whether it is coated or not.
Then there's a slight of hand at about the 3:25 mark in the video where he's comparing the outboard side of the coated rotor to the inboard side of the old one, giving the appearance that the old one has a much smaller rust-free contact area. Apples and oranges.
So, all other things being equal, what do you think the performance and longevity difference might be between a well designed and manufactured uncoated rotor that accumulates rust on non-contact surfaces and a coated rotor that does not? I'd say little to none. This looks like a cosmetic pitch more than a functional one appealing to the notion that if doesn't look pretty it isn't working right which with anything in life might very well not be the case.
That's not say some rotors are not well designed and manufactured, but that's not the point. A coated rotor might otherwise be junk and warp before its time. The point is that rust on non-operating parts might well be cosmetic only, as was obvioulsy the case with my 2006 Accord's brakes that dripped rusty water on the garage floor for years without an operational issue once I ditched the junky OEM rotors which had nothing to do with coatings or appearances.