First thing I'd suggest is a new radiator cap. Yours is 9 years old if original. If for no other reason it's good insurance. You didn't mention any leaks but I could see that a leaking radiator cap can allow coolant to slowly "boil away" causing a low level in the radiator. When cooling down, the coolant contracts and shrinks in volume causing a vacuum that pulls coolant from the overflow bottle back into the radiator.
Too much "headspace" (low level) above the coolant level wouldn't allow enough vacuum to develop to pull coolant back in from the overflow bottle. So the overflow bottle level doesn't change. The low level also doesn't cause enough expansion when hot to push coolant into the bottle as well.
So again the bottle level doesn't change. That's my best guess. I'd start with a full system and a new radiator cap and monitor it. A half gallon is a lot of coolant loss. Beyond glancing at the overflow bottle level it's good to periodically remove the radiator cap and check the level at the filler neck.