JACKPOT! I figured most of it out on a LOOONG road trip that I just got back from. I logged all my stops, and the mpg I was getting, as well as a rounded idea of the speeds and conditions.
Here's the synopsis:
The most variance in mpg occured when it got really cold outside. Now, my car has never seen 15 degree weather before (Vegas FTW) until now, and when the cold air came during my trip, it cost me 3-4 mpg with all other variables exactly the same.
On the highway, relatively flat roads, I averaged 30-32 mpg, and I was traveling at an average of 78-85 mph. This was without flooring it to get around people...instead I just used the cruise mostly and tapped up and down to get the speed I needed to pass.
On the highway, with mountainous roads, I averaged about 28-30 mpg, and found that as long as I didn't slow down dramatically for an accident or for heavy trucks, the car would maintain a good mpg on these roads. What I lost on the uphill I gained on the coasting downhill, for the most part.
In the cities, I lost mpg dramatically compared with the highway, but, and here's the interesting part, the overall return of mpg was much better when I was driving in cities other then my home town. The car was slower though! I think the car adapts to your driving style from one tank to the next, and tends to reward highway driving with more MPG even in the city. I confirmed this by coming back home and driving around, and getting about 3 mpg better then I usually do. The other possibility is that Vegas specifically may have poor fuel quality and the car may have to richen up the mixture to keep the knock sensors happy.
In the cold, and I mean 15-25 deg. F, the car got horrible gas mileage compared with warmer temps. While traveling on a nice, straight stretch of I-40, the temps swayed from 15 to well above 50. During this, I noticed the mpg increased proportionately with the temperature outside. In the lowest temps, I got about 25mpg, and in the 50+ temps, that mpg went to about 30.
Now that I'm back in Vegas, I miss the 30+ mpg times. I got a lot of miles out of each tank doing that!