Actually, a little known fact is that using too high of a octane for too long may also damage your emissions system (catalytic converter). There's no benefit to either gas mileage or performance with using a higher octane.
The brand of gas you use has more of an impact (ie. Shell/Chevron/BP/Exxon vs. Costco/Convenience Store). Yes, all gas comes from the same stock pile, but branded gasoline adds more detergents to keep your engine clean while the bargain brands contain only the minimum EPA requirements to protect the environment.