sport compact car did a very interesting analysis on the cai vs short ram.
it explains how the length of the intake affects the frequency at with the air is charged and put into resonance. its at this resonance in which the intake is most effecient at increasing power.
the frequency of the resonance also dictates where in the power band the intake makes its largest gain.
longer pipes have a lower internal resonance, this lower frequency will effect the lower portion of the power band. shorter pipes have a higher frequency, thus giving larger gains in the upper portion of the power band.
this resonace is only a small part of intake design, but nonetheless signifigant.
the article explains it much better than i however i cant find it on their website. they used and 08 wrx as their test bed, and it was k&n short ram vs stock vs fujita i think.
its worth digging up and reading twice.
particularily, the part about how the aftermarket intake flows less, and fools the ecu, yada yada yada. i think i need to read it again as well.
(excuse my spelling)